AMD Opteron (2)

Models

For Socket 940 and Socket 939 Opterons, each chip has a three-digit model number, in the form Opteron XYY. For Socket F and Socket AM2 Opterons, each chip has a four-digit model number, in the form Opteron XZYY. For all Opterons, the first digit (the X) specifies the number of CPUs on the target machine:
1 - Designed for uniprocessor systems
2 - Designed for dual-processor systems
8 - Designed for systems with 4 or 8 processors

For Socket F and Socket AM2 Opterons, the second digit (the Z) represents the processor generation. Presently, only 2 (dual-core, DDR2) and 3 (quad-core, DDR2) are used.

For all Opterons, the last two digits in the model number (the YY) indicate the clock frequency of a CPU, a higher number indicating a higher clock frequency. This speed indication is comparable to processors of the same generation if they have the same amount of cores, single-cores and dual-cores have different indications despite sometimes having the same clock frequency.

The suffix HE or EE indicates a high-efficiency/energy-efficiency model having a lower TDP than a standard Opteron. The suffix SE indicates a top-of-the-line model having a higher TDP than a standard Opteron.

A detailed list of Opteron microprocessors is here. The broad model families are:


Opteron (130 nm SOI)
Single-core — SledgeHammer (1yy, 2yy, 8yy)
CPU-Steppings: B3, C0, CG
L1-Cache: 64 + 64 KiB (Data + Instructions)
L2-Cache: 1024 KiB, fullspeed
MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, AMD64
Socket 940, 800 MHz HyperTransport
Registered DDR SDRAM required, ECC possible
VCore: 1.50 V - 1.55 V
Max Power (TDP): 89 W
First Release: April 22, 2003 [2]
Clockrate: 1400–2400 MHz (x40 - x50)


Opteron (90 nm SOI, DDR)
Single-core — Venus (1yy), Troy (2yy), Athens (8yy)
CPU-Steppings: E4
L1-Cache: 64 + 64 KiB (Data + Instructions)
L2-Cache: 1024 KiB, fullspeed
MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, AMD64
Socket 940, 800 MHz HyperTransport
Socket 939/Socket 940, 1000 MHz HyperTransport
Registered DDR SDRAM required for socket 940, ECC possible
VCore: 1.35V - 1.4V
Max power (TDP): 95W
NX Bit
64-bit segment limit checks for VMware-style binary-translation virtualization.
Optimized Power Management (OPM)
First Release: February 14, 2005
Clockrate: 1600 - 3000 MHz (x42 - x56)
Dual-core — Denmark (1yy), Italy (2yy), Egypt (8yy)
CPU-Steppings: E1, E6
First Release: Spring 2005
Clockrate: 1600–2800 MHz (x60, x65, x70, x75, x80, x85, x90)
...
Socket 939/Socket 940, 1000 MHz HyperTransport
...
NX bit


Opteron (90 nm SOI, DDR2)
Dual-core — Santa Ana (12yy), Santa Rosa (22yy, 82yy)
CPU-Steppings: F2, F3
L1-Cache: 64 + 64 KiB (Data + Instructions)
L2-Cache: 2*1024 KiB, fullspeed
MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, AMD64
Socket F, ??? MHz HyperTransport - Opteron 2yy, 8yy
Socket AM2, ??? MHz HyperTransport - Opteron 1yy
VCore: 1.35 V
Max Power (TDP): 95W
NX Bit
AMD-V Virtualization
Optimized Power Management (OPM)
First Release: ?????? 2006
Clockrate: 1800–3200 MHz (xx10, xx12, xx14, xx16, xx18, xx20, xx20, xx22, xx24)


Opteron (65 nm SOI)
Quad-core — Barcelona (23yy, 83yy), Budapest (13yy)
CPU-Steppings: BA, B3
L1-Cache: 64 + 64 KiB (Data + Instructions) per core
L2-Cache: 512 KiB, fullspeed per core
L3-Cache: 2048 KiB, shared
MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, AMD64, SSE4a
Socket F, Socket AM2+, HyperTransport 3.0 (1.6 GHz-2.0 GHz)
Registered DDR2 SDRAM required, ECC possible
VCore: ?
Max Power (TDP): ?
NX Bit
AMD-V Virtualization
Split power plane dynamic power management
VCore: 1.2 V
First Release: September 10, 2007
Clockrate: 1700–2500 MHz

Supercomputers

On the November 2007 TOP500 list, 15.8% of the world's 500 fastest known supercomputer installations were AMD64 Opteron-based systems (down from 22.6% on 11/06), while 64.4% were Intel ia32e/EM64T/Intel 64 Xeon-based.

Supercomputers based on Opteron mentioned in the top 10 fastest supercomputers in the world:
#6: Sandia National Laboratories, USA. Red Storm - Sandia/ Cray Red Storm, AMD64 Opteron Dual Core 2400 MHz. Cray Inc. 26,569 total cores. Rpeak: 127.531 TeraFlops.
#7: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA. Jaguar - Cray XT4/XT3. AMD64 Opteron Dual Core 2600 MHz (5.2 GFlops/unit). Cray Inc. 23,016 total cores. Rpeak: 119,350 TFlop.
#9: NERSC/LBNL, USA. Franklin - Cray XT4. AMD64 Opteron Dual Core 2600 MHz. Cray Inc. 19,320 total cores. Rpeak: 100,464 TFlop.